Antonio de Cabezón
Spanish composer during the Renaissance in the first half of
the 1500s.
We have sketchy knowledge of his oeuvre, positions and
published works and that he was an Iberian keyboard composer of the greatest
influence but his personality is hidden before us. There are only a few
portraits of him and they are heavily controversial.
His music education took place in beautiful surroundings:
He was peer of Charles V emperor during whose reign music
culture soared to an incomprehensible height in Spain; the era is still called
Golden Age. Cabezón was employed by the Court as an organist, composer and
teacher.
His works survive in two main collections, Libro de Cifra
Nueva (1557) by Henestrosa and Obras de Música para Tecla, Arpa y Vihuela
(1578) published by his son, Hernando.
His keyboard works are very popular in Early Music; Paola
Erdas provides a fine selection of them.
CD on, let us listen.
As a start the first few tacts are enough to reveal that
something extraordinary is on way. Show me the first ten seconds and I will
tell you what record it is going to be - it fully applies here.
Tiento.
What oddity is this? It is an Iberian speciality, a
polyphonic fantasy. It is weird because it is a fantasy indeed, not only its
title; it is completely free, exempt from the structural constraints of fugue
and toccata. What is more, it has high melodiousness which is unusual thinking
of the Renaissance or the later Bach-era polyphony.
Later on the pieces come one after the other according to a
nicely considered principle like diamonds on a long necklace. Gregorian melody
sung - Lia Serafini sings the short intermediums - then the same by de Antonio;
an old chanson and an even older profane piece, then again responsory and its
variation in the same fashion.
The clavichord substantiates the known melodies; it elevates
them from the ground. The development sections and the variations seem to allow
to have an insight of a deeper realm.
Las Vacas, known for a long time, is performed in three
versions.
I listen to Pavana Italiana three times consecutively.
The instrument is a Couchet copy from 1652, yes,
Rückers-dynasty again, and Antwerp; we get here several times listening to old
keyboards. Then it was given another manual and further decorations, little
Versailles angels and some gold, that is, paint in abundance.
The Latin motto is under the cover, Haec si contigant mundo
quae gaudia coeli, i.e., pleasure on Earth will be delight in Heaven. It is
interesting because it is the reverse confirmation of the upper harmonies
descending to Earth, usual at Early Music.
Interactive, we would say today.
Sacred interactivity.
What a fine definition of Early Music …
When comparing its sound to that of a later multi-manual
metal string instrument, say from France, we might drift into fine controversy.
The tone is simpler, there are a lot fewer overtones; it can be heard even at
the hit of one single key.
A bit crude, unpolished. Nice analogy of precious stones.
The diamond, when unearthed from the mine is inappropriate
for jewellery no matter how big it is.
Why?
Because its structure, shape and
optics are far from what a brill will offer after being refined where a part of
the stone is lost but receives angles and planes which arrange the reflections
and refractions so that a critical eye notices it in a dim room from tens of
metres even if it gleams in a ring on a nice hand.
Is chaos growing for it is artificial glitter, made-up
mannerism? Well, who have seen this glitter will not agree and beauty enhances
in the sound of the multistring, complicated cembalos.
Yet, simplicity is preferred. It is straighter, there is no
lace curtain woven with gold which veils the point or makes it non-explicably
secretive.
Paola Erdas.
Look at her.
The above motto applies to her indeed.
Fine, sensitive playing. They way only women can do. Anyway,
I am surrounded by woman performers of early keyboard music, which is no
accident.
And, as a gorgeous closing, here comes the famous Pavana
Glosada. The melody, judging from the title is a simple dance, pavana-variation
which lacks the brilliant cut of the complex structures, yet, it radiates some
intense glitter.
It is so obtrusive that we suspect willy-nilly that it is a
sort of music archetype, part of our subconscious existing all times closely
beside the basic qualities. It has such big inner rhythm that no rhythm
indication was ever required for the proper sounding as old notes never
included it.
It seems completely natural that in this record in 2008 in
Trieste a rhythm from India can connect to it as if there were not two thousand
years, two continents and ten thousand kms between them …
After listening to it a few times it is encased so deep that
taking a guitar a few days later I start looking for its accords while tuning;
just by ear, I will find the four accords soon, then I realize that I have been
producing glosados for half an hour...
... 500 years after Cabezon, here in the room, well, what if he could see me but he would not as he was blind from his childhood and dead now; yet, you see the point, do not you?
... 500 years after Cabezon, here in the room, well, what if he could see me but he would not as he was blind from his childhood and dead now; yet, you see the point, do not you?
Translated by Kenesei Andrea
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Thank you for the images.
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Chord
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